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Ideal koi water parameters: ammonia 0 ppm, nitrite 0 ppm, nitrate under 40 ppm, pH 7.0-8.5, temperature 60-78 degrees F. Any detectable ammonia or nitrite requires immediate attention.
Test at least weekly for ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and pH. During quarantine or treatment, test daily. Temperature should be monitored constantly or at least twice daily.
Immediately do a 20-30% water change with dechlorinated water. Reduce feeding. Check your filter is working properly. Test again in a few hours. Repeat water changes as needed until ammonia is below 0.25 ppm.
Koi are sensitive to rapid pH changes more than absolute values. A stable pH between 7.0-8.5 is ideal. Sudden swings of more than 0.5 in a day can cause stress, immune suppression, and even death.
Log readings with dates in a consistent format. Look for trends rather than single readings. Rising ammonia or nitrite over several days indicates a developing problem. Use this tool to visualize trends and set alerts.